Greek Mythology and Nicolas Poussin Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and Nicolas Poussin Essay On April 26 2013 I visited the Detroit Art Institute. In there I have seen plenty of interesting art sculptures, artifacts, and paintings. The one that really enjoyed the most is â€Å"Selene and Endymion† by Nicolas Poussin, a French artist. He made this painting back in 1630. Currently, the painting is in the European paintings exhibit section in the DIA. The painting itself uses oil on canvas for its medium, and the dimensions are: 48 x 66 1/2 inches. The painting is about Selene and Endymion. Selene is a Greek goddess who happens to fall in love with farmer named Endymion. Selene knows Endymion will age and pass away eventually due to him being a mortal, so she asked Zeus to make him immortal to prevent her lover from aging and dying. Zeus accepted the request on the condition that he is put in eternal sleep instead. Endymion loved Selene so much that he was willing to do it in order to be with her forever. Thus the couples wish was granted and Endymion was with Selene, in a slumber forever. The art shows forms by using contours and dynamic elements. The contour of the characters and the background shows surfaces giving it some mass. The picture also shows Helios and Eos moving towards the left side and Endymion kneeling towards Selene, these dynamics gives the picture mass and dimensions. The painting uses a great deal of values as well. On the right side of the painting, it uses a darker value compared to the left side of the painting. This is to show and represent day, dawn, and night on the art picture. Another use of values is used to show the distances in the background. As we can see the deities Eos and Helios are in a darker shade compared to Endymion and Selene, this is to show the distances between them. Lastly, the painting use values to show shadows and mass, giving the picture forms and dimensions. Time itself is used as another visual element. The art uses time as a way to capture a moment in time. As mentioned before, we see Helios and Eos moving towards the left side of the picture and Endymion kneeling to Selene. These movements show a moment captured, using time as a concept. The artist shows a good symmetrical balance. It has a good distribution of visual weight. The left side of picture, it shows Endymion, Selene, Eos and Eros and on the right side it shows Helios and three unknown characters. The emphasis of the art is on Endymion and Selene as they are the subject of the art. Both of the subjects have a larger size compared to the other characters; they are also heavily colored in value and in texture compared to the others. Nicolas also put in more details on the subject’s faces and body than the rest of the art subjects. The characters all have parts that are pleasing proportions to each other. They have the same proportions as regular real life humans. The heads, the arms, and legs are in all relation to the rest of their bodies. The picture has a lot of content and meaning. Helios, the sun god is painted has a gold like aura, which seems to represents the sun. Selene, the moon goddess is on the left side which represents the night. Eos, the goddess of dawn is right between them. The movement of these deities also represent the day going forward. As Helios is moving forward, a curtain is following him, showing that night is coming forward. Eros, the god of love is hovering around Selene while she is talking to Endymion. This is to show their affection for one another. Lastly, the unknown sleeping people are representation of what is about to come, Endymion is about to have an eternal slumber to be with Selene. I have always liked Greek mythology ever since I was young boy. After learning how to see art and see its visual elements and organizing principles, it made me appreciate â€Å"Selene and Endymion† by Nicolas Poussin even more. My interest in art and in Greek mythology is combined together in this subject. Citation: â€Å"Selene and Endymion† by Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) Date: c. 1630 Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 48 x 66 1/2 in. (121. 9 x 168. 9 cm) with frame: 59 x 77 1/4 x 3 1/2 in. 149. 9 x 196. 2 x 8. 9 cm Department: European Painting.

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Civil War Essay Before 1861, no one in the USA ever imagined that their country would be torn apart by a savage civil war that would cost over 620,000 lives and shake the foundations of our government to the roots. The American Civil War had many causes, famous battles, influential figures, and outcomes. As of the 1850s the Mason-Dixon Line separated the North from the South, even as Lincoln and the rest of the government tried to keep the country together. Their best efforts failed, and America was thrust into a bloody civil war. The Civil War really began, though, in peoples' minds, as the most important causes all began...with a debate. Slavery was one of the factors that played a key role in the causes of the Civil War. The Missouri Compromise was a debate began as to whether Maine and Missouri would enter the Union as free or slave states. To be fair to the rule of the Mason-Dixon Line, Maine was admitted as a free state, and Missouri, even though it was also in the north, would enter as a slave state. The Compromise of 1850 dealt with whether California, Utah, and New Mexico would be slave or free. California was admitted as a free state, but since it made the ratio of slave to free states unequal, " it also stated that the territories of New Mexico and Utah would determine for themselves whether to become slave or free states."(Wise) The Kansas-Nebraska Act decided that any territory that became a state would have the right to vote on whether it would be slave or free, which made Northerners angry because it changed the terms of the Missouri Compromise. The constant flux of the issue of slavery grew during the years leading up to the war, as the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1859, and the Kansas-Nebraska act con... ...t a few days after the end of the war, and Lee's surrender marked the end of the Civil War and slavery. Each of these outcomes had a significant effect over the years to come in American history. The American Civil war's causes, influential figures, bloody battles, and outcomes will and have left a mark on history forever. It shaped America's future and redefined the phrase "all men are created equal" as well as being a precursor for the Civil Rights Movement a century later. The Civil War made all people consider their Nation's stability and woke them up to the reality of civil war that would repeat in other countries again and again. America came out of it a battered and bruised yet stronger still country, and to this day it strives to maintain this caliber of honor and strength. It seems the saying,"no pain, no gain," has been made manifest in American history.

The Increasingly Complex World of air Travel

In the increasingly complex world of air travel, the work of the air traffic controller is becoming increasingly vital. It is the task of these professionals to ensure the safety of all air passengers and personnel by coordinating the system of aircraft leaving and arriving at the airport. With increasing amounts of aircraft and narrower margins between arrival and departure times, it is becoming increasingly important to carefully coordinate and control air traffic. Generally, air traffic controllers serve under the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This agency is part of the Federal Government. The nature of the job, as mentioned above, is complex and requires precise cooperation of a team. The radar associate controller for example organizes flight plans to ensure that more than one aircraft does not schedule arrival and/or departure times for the same period. When a particular team's airspace is left, responsibility for its flight path and safe arrival is delegated to the following control team. Other elements that need to be taken into account in terms of continued flight safety include weather conditions and other aircraft in the vicinity. Coordination therefore needs to meticulous not only within each control team, but also between different airport teams and the pilots themselves. Being involved in air traffic control requires a particular set of skills in employees. The ability to make quick decisions needs to be complimented with clear thinking and memory skills. Furthermore, air traffic controllers need to be highly skilled in electronic communications equipment, along with the necessary articulate skills to communicate necessary information quickly and clearly to pilots (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2006). The entire system is overseen by the Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center, located in Herndon, VA. Several air traffic controllers work here in coordinating the management of the entire air traffic control system. The Center is burdened with the task of identifying any problems such as bottlenecks or time table problems in the system. These problems are then solved with an appropriate management plan. This overall managing body provides the air traffic controllers under them with the necessary management strategies to facilitate their complex task (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2006). In order to further simplify the complexity of air traffic control by means of management, the National Airspace System (NAS) Architecture is an automated system implemented by the FAA. This long-term strategic plan is aimed at increased efficiency in air traffic control by helping employees in their work with increased air traffic. Through NAS Architecture, the FAA and the aviation community are enabled to continue plans and discussions relating to modernization in the system. It is clear that very complex management systems are needed to create a safe and secure travel experience for all passengers and personnel using air traffic. Managerial accounting is a vitally important part of this process. If adequate accounting systems are not in place, air traffic control cannot possibly function either efficiently or adequately. Efficient accounting systems are therefore a very important part of management in air traffic control systems. Several systems are in place to facilitate cost accounting in the profession. The Cost and Performance Management Charter (C/PM) is one of these systems. Its vision includes strategies to increase the efficiency of operations through measurement and information for easier decision making. On an executive level, accountability for the success of the organization is shared by all leaders within each section of the air traffic control system. In terms of improvement, employees are encouraged to identify possibilities for improvement within the workplace and the system as a whole. Such encouragement occurs through rewards for identifying such improvement opportunities. This includes areas where funds can be more efficiently applied to improve the process of air traffic control. The working conditions of employees are furthermore made as pleasant as possible by informing individuals of their particular contribution to the general goals of the organization within which they function. This ensures that employees provide their workplace with more value through an understanding of how such value occurs through their work. The understanding of value also provides employees with a higher level of satisfaction and pride in their work, and the number of valuable employees leaving their work for reasons other than retirement is reduced. This helps to reduce the cost of hiring new employees and the concomitant training costs. Performance improvements like those mentioned above entail certain costs and resource allocations in order to optimize such improvements. The role of C/PM entails a framework for the integration of goals, planning and budgeting in the initial phases, while outputs, results and activities for achieving the planned outcomes are monitored on a continuous basis. C/PM therefore plays the dual role of planning and implementing strategies while also monitoring the results of the initial planning setups. In short, money is related to the results achieved. Resources are to be used effectively and efficiently in accomplishing the mission of air traffic control. What this means specifically for air traffic controllers, is that each individual is to be made aware of his or her particular role in ensuring the safety of all air traffic users. In terms of cost accounting, the work situation and abilities of each employee should be taken into account when planning resources use issues. Overtime pay incentives and personnel shortages should for example not take precedence over the general health of employees making use of overtime opportunities. The health of air traffic controllers is of vital concern for the mission of air traffic safety. If a personnel member is not healthy, he or she is a safety risk, and no cost-cutting strategy should be used at the risk of safety. Labor is therefore one of the most important aspects of cost accounting for the FAA. Air traffic control is a fairly well-compensated job. Benefits include overtime pay, and the working conditions are pleasant. At approximately 78% of the FAA's operations costs, labor makes up around 45% of the Agency's total costs. It is therefore important to ensure that these funds are applied in an effective and efficient manner that ensures the optimal safety of all air traffic users. In ensuring one of the primary objectives of the FAA, namely air safety, air traffic controllers are the Agency's most important business asset. Nevertheless, it is also true that there has been limited specific visibility regarding key projects within the industry. This means that little monitoring has taken place on the actual time spent on these projects, the labor hours provided, and the quality of the outcomes. If an efficient cost accounting system (CAS) is to be implemented, it is certainly necessary to improve cost and performance management and incentives within the air traffic control industry. A newly implement labor distribution reporting system will improve visibility by obliging all involved, from executives to employees, to report on the actual time spent on projects and tasks. This will give a clearer account of actual costs, performance and outcomes, providing managers with opportunities to make improvements where necessary. In the process however it is also important to keep in mind a non-threatening management system. Employees, as seen above, should be specifically informed of the necessity and benefits of any newly implemented system to facilitate the transition and change necessary. Strengthening the CAS will result in a better understanding and management of overall costs, thus providing better control of cost growth. This is sound business, as cost growth control will also mean price control and an increase in the customer base. Existing customers will also be more likely to return if they experience a continuous effort by management to maintain the lowest possible air travel costs while ensuring optimal safety standards. The ABA is the corporate leader that monitors and reviews the performance of the FAA. Performance information is then used to identify possible areas of improvement. A two-way system of communication is therefore provided from the topmost level of management through to the most basic of employees. The system of reward rather than punishment for identifying areas of possible improvement is also a great incentive for employees to remain open in their communication to management. A non-threatening system of communication regarding labor performance reporting and other such implementations will also help to maintain visibility on the true costs and outcomes of certain projects. While it is important to maintain open communication channels in almost all organizational setups, it is seldom as vitally important as in the air traffic control industry. It should always be at the forefront of attention of all involved that lives are at stake. A single mistake can result in great tragedy. All employers and employees in the industry should therefore constantly be acutely aware of the fact that communication and improvement are continuously required. Communication is the most important key aspect in the air traffic control industry. It is vitally important that employees in this profession use their communication skills efficiently and accurately (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2006). In terms of cost and management, these skills are valuable assets in optimizing the performance of the industry. When communication is accurately used, costs and outcomes can be managed in such a way as to optimize the experience not only of air traffic users, but also of all employees and managers in the industry.

White Supremacy And The Civil War - 1342 Words

The Dictionary of American History, defines White Supremacy as â€Å"the belief that members of the Caucasian or white race are superior in all ways to other groups or races in the world† The ideology supports the position that, intellectually whites are superior and by virtue of that superiority must form the Government and lead other races, who were thought of as less than humans and existed only to serve the whites. White Supremacy is the foundation upon which the United States was built. It is manifested in all the important areas throughout the country’s history. For instance, â€Å"the United States Government has a total of 55 members; all white and 15 of the 55 are owners of African slaves† . â€Å"No blacks, or other minority races were included in the formation of the Government. Only one person of color has ever been elected to the US Government† . The Civil War acted as the catalyst for change for African Americans. The war was fought between the Northern States (Union) and Southern States (Confederates) of the United States. The war was fought on many fronts, one of which was how to deal with slavery. The North advocated for total eradication and the South wanted to retain their slave ownership. The North prevailed and â€Å"President Abraham Lincoln offered his conciliatory plan for reunification of the United States with his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction.† This victory held special significance for the African Americans as it signaled the start of a new era.Show MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Cold War And Global White Supremacy853 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the Cold War and global white supremacy is clear from Borstelmann’s writing. He demonstrates how the improvement of race relations both domestic and foreign were a necessity. If the U.S. did not fix how potential al lies (specifically all post colonial countries) viewed the U.S., communism was sure to spread. Although Latham does not identify race as a reason for modernization both Latham and Borstelmann show that Aligning with these posts countries was necessary to preventRead MoreRacial Ideology And The Term White Supremacy1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe term white supremacy is used to describe the racial ideology that promotes and revolves around the belief that people of white ethnicity are superior in their traits, characteristics, and attributes in comparison to other racial groups (Fredrickson, 2015). Therefore, the white race should have economic, political, and social rule over non-White individuals. There are many ideologies and schools of thought that have been used to support white supremacism; however, the majority of data is pseudoscientificRead More`` Apostles Of Disunion : Southern Secession Commissioners And The Cause Of The Civil War `` Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesof Disu nion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War,† Charles B. Dew analyzes the public letters and speeches of white, southern commissioners in order to prove that the Civil War was fought over slavery. By analyzing the public letters and speeches of the commissioners, Dew offers a compelling argument proving that slavery along with the ideology of white supremacy were primary causes of the Civil War. Dew is not only the Ephraim Williams Professor of American History atRead MoreThe Civil War : A War Against Union897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War, which began as a war against union, quickly turned into a war about slavery, largely due to the actions of the slaves and the part they played in the war. Although slaves were commonly viewed as unintelligent and lacking bravery, their actions during the Civil War told a different story. It was because of these actions that the tone of the Civil War and of the country itself changed, and these actions helped to create a country where they could exist as free men. Unfortunately, theirRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War688 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Civil war was a series of transactions, or exchanges, between the North and the South. These transactions involved over 1 million Americans who put their lives at risk for the liberation of the country’s slaves. These transactions were influenced by three paramount concepts: perspectives, values, and relative evaluations of costs and benefits. In the midst of this tumultuous period of time in American history, these concepts shaped not just the people themselves but the social, politicalRead More`` Apostles Of Disunion : The Rise Of The Confederacy That Fought For Slavery1064 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, historians debated over the reasoning behind the American Civil War and the factors that facilitated the tensions northern and southern states experienced during years prior. In an attempt to end the debate, Charles B. Dew explains in his book, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War, the Southern state’s motives to secede from the Union were primarily slavery, racism, and white supremacy which can still be traced within today’s culture through social mediaRead MoreCivil War During The Reconstruction Era906 Words   |  4 Pages(KKK) hoping to restore the pre-Civil War social hierarchy. The texts in Going to the Source illustrates two groups of individuals who opposed the KKK. In testimonies given by white witnesses, Republicans from the North felt the KKK posed a political and social danger in the South, but did not feel intimidated. The testimonies given by black witnesses were people who had experience of the Klan’s violence, and felt their lives were threatened. The Klan’s attacks on whites were more inclined towards socialRead MoreHistory : Teachers, Textbooks And Racism1633 Words   |  7 Pagesoutdated textbook. I taught my self by quietly reading in every class. The way we teach history to our children is lacking a few fundamental truths that are essential to American history and how we teach it that underplays racism, slavery and white supremacy. I hope to address these issues about the US education system that have inaccurate textbooks that teach internalized racism to our children of all ages, whether one knows it or not. I agree with Wong that History being taught in the US needsRead MoreRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pages Striving for a reunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regarding thisRead MoreTaking Down The Confederate Flag1286 Words   |  6 Pageshome to some of the nation’s largest conflicts throughout history, such as the civil war and the civil rights movement. Southerners have always been proud of their heritage despite its rocky parts and display it for all to see with a 150 year old flag. This is proving to be problematic, though, as the Confederate flag they are all so proud of, is really only 50 years old and has been associated with ideals of white supremacy and racism. Some Southerners and other Americans choose to not believe the

The Knights of Labor Essay - 1327 Words

The Knights of Labor represented the pinnacle of the up lift labor movement. They, at one time, had membership that numbered in the hundreds of thousands and nearly hit a million members. This organization was unique in its time because it espoused many of the ideals we hold today as statutory for an ethical and equitable society as well as employee and employer relationships. The Knights of Labor did not begrudge industry or capitalism, moreover they were less of a concern than the organization’s larger goal to protect and promote social equity in labor and society, for the common man. The organization was distinctive for is time. There were other labor unions, but the Knights supported trade craftsmen, common laborers, and worked†¦show more content†¦Today, many of these basic concepts are taken as common practice in the workplace while others are challenges still facing the employees of today. Child Labor laws were enacted within the 50 years following the knights. Fighting speculation and outlawing monopolistic practices was addressed through the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The 8-hour workday and overtime was addressed under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Additionally, the arbitration of disputes between labor and management advocated by the Knights, has become a cornerstone of conflict resolution for labor relations. The Knights however, viewed these gains as the end to a means. These gains would be brought about through raising the working class by raising the intellectual, moral, and social life of the worker (Budd, 2010). The transition to a collective behavior is at the root of uplift unionism, and is the cornerstone of the Knights larger agenda. This concept enjoined the ideals of a fraternal brotherhood and gave the organization an advantage in the ability to relate to the society of laborers who felt oppressed at the hands of capitalists. It brought to those who joined, a sense of something more than just a loose association of workers fightingShow MoreRelatedKnights of Labor Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pages The Knights of Labor represented the pinnacle of the up lift labor movement. They, at one time, had membership that numbered in the hundreds of thousands and nearly hit a million members. This organization was unique in its time because it espoused many of the ideals we hold today as statutory for an ethical and equitable society as well as employee employer relationship. The Knights of Labor did not begrudge industry or the capitalism, more over they were less of a concern than the orga nizationsRead MoreKnights of Labor Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesis evident in his dealings with the Knights of Labor. speak softly but carry a big stick, and you will go far. No other union had come into such heated conflict with Gould as did the Knights, as no other union had been strong enough to challenge Gould himself. But in the end, even the strongest of all labor unions of the time could not stand against the tempest that Gould was. One might say that the Haymarket Riot was the ultimate downfall of the Knights of Labor, but this is a mistaken belief. ItRead MoreThe Knights Of Labor During The Civil Era1190 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Every adversity, every failure, every heartache carries with it the seed of an equal or greater benefit†. This holds true to the Knights of Labor in their endeavor to increase solidarity and unity, by encouraging opposing communities to work together, thus improving the lives of workers and their families during the diminutive period of time when the Knights of Labor were active. The Knight’s tackled the monopolists and fought for the justices they knew to be theirs, in strong efforts to improveRead MoreT hes Benevolent Association, The Knights Of Labor And The Farmers Union1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, The Knights of Labor and the Farmers Alliance are a few of the leading labor organizations in Texas. Developed as the political and human resource representation for many of Texas’ post civil war laborers, these organizations invested considerable time and funding in advocating for the concerns of the working class. Established socialist communities were natural supporters for unionization based on their beliefs in cooperation for the greater good. WithinRead MoreHow Social Reformers Influenced Edward Bellamy, Henry George, And The Knights Of Labor1329 Words   |  6 PagesHow did social reformers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and the Knights of Labor conceive of liberty and freedom differently than the proponents of the liberty of contract and laissez-faire like Herbert Spencer and Andrew Carnegie? Which of these groups was successful in imposing their vision on the larger society in the years before the turn of the century? Why? Introduction Liberty and freedom was conceived differently by the social reformers and the proponents of the liberty of contractRead MoreKnights of Labour1668 Words   |  7 PagesIS IT FAIR TO DISMISS THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR AS HOPELESS DREAMERS WHO ACCOMPLISHED LITTLE? Nahean Nazmul (0862852) Labour Studies 1A03 Spring/Summer 2012 Prof. David Goutor Great success often comes from previous failures. Without failure, greatness can be impossible to attain. For this and many other reasons, it is unfair to view the Knights of Labor as hopeless dreamers who accomplished little. Instead, this paper will express the way in which the Knights of Labour contributed to a greater socialRead MoreEssay about Autonomy and Responsibility: The Start of Labor Unions1452 Words   |  6 PagesAutonomy and Responsibility: The Start of Labor Unions The late nineteenth century was a time of great change for people everywhere. Industries became staples of society in almost every major city; farming became more efficient due to steel and machines, and more jobs were available because of all the new industries. Between 1865 and 1900, the number of people employed in manufacturing rose from 1.3 million to 4.5 million. Working conditions were terrible, providing long hours, low wagesRead MoreThe Rise Of The Big Business Transformed Rural America981 Words   |  4 Pagesshifts, 6 days out of the week with a wage that was below the poverty line. Even though they worked extremely inhumane hour shifts, it was barely enough for them and their families to survive. During this era men, women, and children performed harsh labor in factories and mills until their bodies could bear no more. Throughout the age of the big business, children as young as 8 years old were put to work and were denied the chance to go to school, there was no ben efits, no medical coverage, and if theRead More Labor unions Essay950 Words   |  4 Pages The Labor Movement generated opposition from both the government and the public since they both saw unions as violent and lawless. The government used force to control the unions showing their disgust for the views and actions of these organizations. Well, organized and growing businesses took the advantage in the struggle with labor, so the workers started labor unions. It is easily argued both ways whether or not unions formed were beneficial to workers. With great evidence though, it is provenRead MoreLabor And The Roots Of Progressivism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAnwar Khalid Professor Wegner HIST 124 11 November, 2014 Labor and the Roots of Progressivism The progressive era was an age of rapid advancement in social, economic, and societal values that shaped the United States into what it is today. The industrialization and subsequent labor reforms of the mid to late nineteenth century across the world helped to shape the United States and its entry into the modern world. Labor unions and the reforms they forced helped us to modernize and ethically improve

Essay on William Blake as a Critic of His Time - 838 Words

William Blake as a Critic of His Time Blake took an active role in exposing the corruption taking place in his society. Prime targets of his criticisms were the institutions that remained silent in the faces of injustice. Blake stands agains the institutions that allow human oppression. Three of his poems from Songs of Experience present his views on the matter: The Chimney Sweeper, The Garden of Love, and London. In The Chimney Sweeper, Blake takes his stand against the the calamities brought upon children by those supposed to protect him. Innocence comes to an end for the child when he is exposed to the horrors of sweeping chimneys . His sadness can be felt when he says : They clothed me in the clothes of†¦show more content†¦Man wants to be close to God : I went to the Garden of Love (Blake, 1) as he used to be when little: Where I used to play in the green (Blake, 4) but, finds the church standing in his way: A Chapel was built in the midst (Blake, 3). Blake sees the church as an obstacle between men and God: And the gates of this Chapel were shut/ And Thou shalt not writ over the door (Blake, 5-6). Blake gives emphasis to the word Thou shalt not to indicate once more how oppressive the church is. He attacks the Priests because, instead of offering Gods comfort as they were meant to do, they become like judges or police officers telling men what they can or cannot do:: And Priests in black gowns were walking their rounds/ And binding with briars my joys and desires (Blake, 11- 12). Blake asks society to take a second look at the way the church treats them and to realize that God cannot found among oppressionists. London is yet another one of Blakes poems used to expose the suffering of men. He speaks of the streets and the river as being bound to give a sense of mens predicament: I wander thro each charterd street/Near where the charterd Thames does flow (Blake, 1-2) . More sense of human slavery is given when he reveals that the minds of men are trapped as they wander suffering through the streets by society-imposed chains:...mind-forgd manacles I hear (Blake, 8). The pain isShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake Had A Strict Standard On How His Poems Should1431 Words   |  6 Pages William Blake had a strict standard on how his poems should appear. In his poems, he was not very concerned with grammar or spelling, even though he was writing in a time much after the official English language had been created. Much of his spellings are very old-fashioned to us and at times can sound very awkward. Even his readers in his time found that the wording and spelling of phrases and words was quaint. William Blake also used forms of punctuation that were not considered to be standardRead More William Blakes London Essay example995 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blakes London Works Cited Not Included William Blakes London is a representative of English society as a whole, and the human condition in general that outlines the socio-economic problems of the time and the major communal evils. It condemns authoritative institutions including the military, royalty, new industries, and the Church. Blakes tone creates a feeling of informative bitterness, and is both angry and despondent at the suffering and increasing corruption of LondonsRead MoreWilliam Blakes London1458 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Blake and London Victorian London was a far from happy place. It was full of crime, the air full of filth, and the people rancorous. One of the premier poets of the period was one William Blake who advocated the beauties of life and railed against the distaste he felt for Victorian London and some of the more rigid ideologies of the time, specifically the strict morality and religious views of the English. In the poem London, Blake makes clear his position on the city and the morals of thatRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper By William Blake1306 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake published â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in 1789 in the first phase of his collection of poems entitled â€Å"Songs of Innocence†. A later poem under the same name was published five years later in his follow up collection, â€Å"Songs of Experience†. The chimney sweeper’s tale begins in Songs of Innocence with the introduction of a young boy who was sold by his father after the death of his mother; the poem then shifts in the next stanza to describe the speaker’s friend Tom Dacre, ano ther chimney sweeperRead More The Complexity of William Blakes Poetry Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Complexity of William Blakes Poetry Northrop Frye, in his critical essay, Poetry and Design, states; In a world as specialized as ours, concentration on one gift and a rigorous subordination of all others is practically a moral principle (Frye 137). William Blakes refusal to follow this moral principle by putting his poetry before his art, or vice versa, makes his work extraordinary as well as complex and ambiguous. Although critics attempt to juggle Blakes equally impressive talentsRead MoreWilliam Blake Man of the Industrial Revolution1680 Words   |  5 PagesChildren were among the most abused work force in that country s history. William Blake saw this increase of social injustice and was overwhelmed, so he began to write about this hypocrisy of social values that he felt was being carefully hidden from the mainstream. While most considered this unavoidable, child labor was a topic that they did not discuss openly in social groups. Blake wanted to change all of that. As a social critic, he wrote many poems condem ning the hypocrisy between these two worldsRead MoreWilliam Blake s `` The Angel `` And `` A Little Girl Lost ``1306 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to introduce William Blake and give a brief background information about his life. In addition, this research paper will also provide: An analysis of two different poems wrote by William Blake, the message of both poems, how his life might have influenced his poems, and which other factors influenced him to write these poems. â€Å"The Angel†, â€Å"Love’s Secret† and â€Å"A Little Girl Lost† are some of the famous poems wrote by William Blake. 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Innovation - Creativity and Entrepreneurship - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInnovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction Innovation and innovators play a critical role in the business world. When speaking of innovators, the role of outside innovators is considered to be fundamental, and the success of companies like Apple Inc. confirms this fact (Boudreau Lakhani 2009, p. 69). The aspect of having a reliance on outside innovators is what has given companies like Apple Inc. a name, especially when looking at the iPhone (Boudreau Lakhani 2009, p. 69). Open innovation, according to Lichtenthaler (2011, p. 76), is the tendency of businesses to make use of knowledge inflows and outflows as the sources for ideas and acceleration of innovation strategies. Co-innovation, on the other hand, is considered to be a type of open innovation. Co-innovation is defined by Griffith (n.d, p. 1) to involve the collaboration of two or more partners that work purposively in the management of the flow of mutual knowledge across the boundaries of the organizations through joint innovation and commercialization of the said i nnovation. Overall, open innovation allows companies to commercialize its ideas as well as those from other firms and as a result, identify ways of taking its in-house ideas to the market through the adoption of pathways outside its current business set up (Chesbrough 2011, p. 1). It is apparent that the concepts of open innovation and co-innovation have set root in the present world, and they have profound implications for business as the section below will confirm. Implications of Open Innovation and Co-innovation The implications of open innovation and co-innovation are felt in areas such as the firm's strategy, generation of ideas, performance, business models and intellectual property, among others. Detailed information on this is outlined below. Firm Strategy Business strategy is considered by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 58) is considered to be a vast field. As a matter of fact, business strategy has been linked to a firm's plan to use its opportunities against the threats that may manifest in its environment (Chesborough Appleyard 2009, p. 58). Open innovation has transformed the design of business strategies. As businesses shift from the closed innovation, where research and development departments took the centre stage, to open innovation, changes to the business strategies have been noted to take place. As stated by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 60). Some of the changes that are deemed as being imperative in the open business strategies take note of value creation and value capture (Chesborough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). Creation of value through the open innovation would tend to take the approach of a public good (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). In such a case, value creation is not a rival, where it can be consumed, a nd its experience will not be degraded. Additionally, value creation would allow access to all comers (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). When looking at the concepts of value creation and value capture as the implications of open business strategies, it essential to understand the concepts of knowledge creation in open invention, and ecosystem creation in open coordination (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). Value creation is dependent on knowledge, which can, in turn, be profitable as established by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 62). The very essence of pooled knowledge in value creation is superior to the knowledge that is drawn from an individual contributor (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). Similar to the concept of the open invention that is achievable under pooled knowledge creation, it is essential to note that open coordination is also imperative. This is in the sense that it has fostered the instigation of building consensus on topics that include technology standards, which have played a fundamental role to the flourishing of business ecosystems (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). From the above, it is clear that open innovation and co-innovation have fostered changes to the strategies that firms adopt. Performance Open innovation has implications on the performance of businesses. As identified by Chen, Tsou and Ching (2011, p. 1335), businesses with a greater innovation capacity tend to be more prepared to respond to their environments in a successful manner. As a matter of fact, these businesses tend to have the capabilities they need to gain a competitive edge, while they improve their overall performance (Chen, Tsou Ching 2011, p. 1335). Collaborations, under the concepts of co-innovation/ co-production, allow businesses to inaugurate innovations much faster and in an effective manner (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335). Innovation orientation practices in businesses are considered to be a critical addition to collaborations (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335). Innovation orientation will in turn foster creativity and the overall development of innovation practices in business as identified by (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335), thus activate the cycle of performance improvement. Business Models, Principles, and Rules The implication of open innovation and co-innovation is felt on business models that are adopted by firms. The new model of open innovation, according to Chesbrough (2003, p. 1), is based on a wide pool of knowledge, which must be put to use immediately, if firms are to reap the benefits of the value that they possess. The new open innovation model holds that organizations must not have restrictions in the knowledge that it unveils in its research; particularly to the market pathways that are internally based (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). In addition, the internal pathways must also not be restricted to only taking a given business internal knowledge capabilities to the market (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). The open innovation model promotes rules that are defiant of those that are propelled by the old closed innovation model (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). In reality, a difference rests with the principles that are upheld by the open and the closed business innovation models. The principles in the closed business innovation model, as established by Chesbrough (2003, p. 1) take note of the fact that smart people in the field of a given business, work for the said firm. Another principle considers the fact that for businesses to benefit from R D, they ought to come up with ideas, develop it and then market it by themselves. Another principle in the model consider that if businesses discover an idea by themselves, then they ought to take the idea to the market by themselves, Other principles consider the fact that if businesses commercialize an idea, then the win and if they create the best ideas in the field they also stand a winning chance. Finally, the model lives by the principle of control ling a business intellectual property so that competitors do not benefit from the firms ideas. In contrast, to the closed business innovation model, the principles upheld by the open business innovation model consider the following; Not every smart person works for the company, and so great ideas ought to be sourced from outside. External RD is essential in the creation of significant value, which internal RD can claim a section of it (Chesbrough Crowther 2006, p. 229). Another principle under the model is that businesses do not have to come up with ideas to benefit from them. Another principle identifies the fact that the development of a sound business model was essential than taking an idea to the market. Making good use of both internal and external RD allows companies to garner success. Finally, the open innovation model, businesses should allow other firms to use their IP, and the said companies should buy other's IP, especially if it propels a given company's business model. Idea Generation and Social Communities According to West and Lakhani (2008, p. 1), present studies confirm the fact that innovation had been linked to the role that communities play. The role that is played by outside communities is especially important when looking at the creation, shaping, and transferring of technology and social-based innovations (West Lakhani 2008, p. 1). Evidently, communities play a critical role in idea creation, in open innovation, which ends up being adapted, adopted or disseminated. It is essential to note that a significant implication of open innovation rests with the essence of new idea generation, which can be developed and commercialized by firms. Challenges of Open Innovation Asides from the positive implications that open innovation displays for businesses, as presented above, it is essential to note that the concept of open innovation has challenges as identified by West and Gallagher (2006, p. 3) rests with three concepts namely maximization, incorporation and motivation. Under maximization, firms have to be in a position where they can find vast approaches of maximizing the returns that emanate from internal innovation. Under incorporation, firms have to understand that they cannot locate the benefit of external innovation, where there is a lack of the relevant knowledge that can allow incorporating its knowledge to the innovation activities. Finally, firms have to ensure that a source of replenishing the individual external contributors through motivation. As determined by Seltzer and Mahmoudi (2013, p. 1), open innovation under the concepts of crowdsourcing allows flow of ideas from diverse groups of people that are different from those in the organization, as a means of finding new solutions to challenges, and sites like OpenIDEO confirm this aspect. Open innovation is unpredictable for firms and engagement in it, calls for the presence of time and resources (Seltzer Mahmoudi 2013, p. 12). Crowdsourcing and citizen participation via the web heighten the workload level for companies, which ought to be managed, that requires the time of planners. Participation time is also of the essence for the participants to a challenge, given that it is considered to be leisure-time. In summary, challenges with the quality of participation, time and resources are apparent for web crowdsourcing platforms like OpenIDEO. Conclusion The concepts of open innovation and co-innovation are essential to businesses. The implication of the idea of open innovation is impeccable, both positively and negatively. It is essential for firms to understand the basics of the concepts and the weaknesses that manifest therein; in this case, attention is paid to sites like OpenIDEO. List of References Boudreau, K. and Lakhani, K., 2009. How to manage outside innovation. MIT Sloan management review, 50(4), p.69. Chen, J.S., Tsou, H.T. and Ching, R.K., 2011. Co-production and its effects on service innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), pp.1331-1346. Chesbrough, H., and Appleyard, M. (2007) Open Innovation and Strategy. California Management Review. Vol. 50, NO. 1 Fall. Chesbrough, H. (2003) The Era of Open Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 44, pp. 35-42, 2003. Chesbrough, H. (2011). Bringing open innovation to services. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(2), 85-90. Chesbrough, H. and Crowther, A.K. (2006). Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries. RD Management 36(3): 229-236. Griffith, T. n.d. Co-Innovation as a Form of Open Innovation. Available at: https://cims.ncsu.edu/co-innovation-as-a-form-of-open-innovation/ Lichtenthaler, U., 2011. Open Innovation: Past research, current debates, and future directions. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), pp.75-93. Seltzer, E. and Mahmoudi, D., 2013. Citizen participation, open innovation, and crowdsourcing: Challenges and opportunities for planning. CPL Bibliography, 28(1), pp.3-18. West, J. and Gallagher, S., 2006. Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open?source software. Rd Management, 36(3), pp.319-331. West, J., Lakhani, K. R. (2008). Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry and Innovation, 15(2), 223-231.